Nike Missile Site LA-40 Launcher, Long Beach Airport / Lakewood California
Longitude: -118.14572530657600
This location was part of the Los Angeles Defense Area
Site ID: LA-40
Missile / battery configuration: Nike 1B, 2C/30A/12L-A
The missiles at this Launch Area were controlled by the Integrated Fire Control site located here.
Site Role: Launcher
A typical Nike air defense site consisted of two separate parcels of land. One area was known as the Integrated Fire Control (IFC) Area. This site contained the Nike system's ground-based radar and computer systems designed to detect and track hostile aircraft, and to guide the missiles to their targets.
The second parcel of land was known as the Launcher Area. At the launcher area, Nike missiles were stored horizontally within heavily constructed underground missile magazines. A large, missile elevator brought the Nikes to the surface of the site where they would be pushed across twin steel rails to one of four satellite launchers.
Elaboration on how Nike worked here.
Missile Type: Ajax
The Nike Ajax was the first in the Army's family of guided missiles, and the world's first operational, guided, surface-to-air missile system. Nike Ajax had a burnout speed of Mach 2.3, a range of 25-30 miles, and a ceiling of 65,000 feet.
Designed to carry either nuclear and/or high-explosive warheads, the Nike Hercules missile could attack supersonic aircraft operating at altitudes in excess of 150,000 feet and at a range of more than 87 miles.
LA-40 put Nike missiles beside one of Southern California's aviation landscapes. At Long Beach Airport and Lakewood, Cold War air defense stood close to runways, aircraft plants, highways, and the industrial edge of a region that helped build the aerospace age.
LA-40 was located in the Long Beach Airport / Lakewood area. The site defended the southern and southeastern portion of the Los Angeles Basin, including Long Beach aviation, port, transportation, and industrial infrastructure.
The Los Angeles Defense Area was one of the largest and most complex Nike air-defense networks in the United States. By the late 1950s, Los Angeles was ringed by sixteen Nike batteries. The defended area included the port and shipyards, Los Angeles and Long Beach industrial districts, aircraft plants, communications and transportation corridors, nearby military installations, and a major share of the nation's aerospace industry.
Nike batteries were the Army's final layer of continental air defense. Air Force warning radars and interceptor aircraft were supposed to meet enemy bombers farther out. If bombers reached the target region, the Nike batteries around Los Angeles would use ground-based radar, analog fire-control computers, and surface-to-air missiles to attempt an intercept.
Most Los Angeles sites began as Nike Ajax batteries. Ajax was a liquid-fueled, command-guided missile with a conventional warhead. Selected sites were later converted to Nike Hercules, a larger, solid-fueled, longer-range missile that could carry either conventional or nuclear warheads. The Los Angeles Hercules-converted sites were LA-04, LA-29, LA-32, LA-43, LA-55, LA-78, LA-88, LA-94, and LA-96. The Ajax-only sites were LA-09, LA-14, LA-40, LA-57, LA-70, LA-73, and LA-98.
A Nike battery was normally a split installation. The Integrated Fire Control area, or IFC, contained radar, computer, command, communications, and generator equipment. The launch area contained underground magazines, elevators, launchers, missile assembly and test facilities, security structures, roads, utilities, and support buildings.
Site Configuration and Decoded Meaning
Recorded configuration: Nike 1B, 2C/30A/12L-A.Decoded meaning: The launch area had three underground magazines total, one Type B and two Type C. The authorized missile load was 30 Nike Ajax missiles. The 12L-A ending means 12 Ajax launchers.
Site History and Setting
LA-40 was an Ajax-only site, active from 1956 to 1963. It was not selected for Hercules conversion, which means it belonged to the initial Los Angeles missile ring but was removed as the Army consolidated defense around fewer Hercules-capable batteries.The Los Angeles Defense Area overview specifically notes that in the fall of 1958 the Army turned over the Long Beach and Fort MacArthur batteries to the 720th AAA Missile Battalion of the California Army National Guard. LA-40 is therefore one of the key Los Angeles sites associated with early National Guard operation of Nike batteries.
Its location near Long Beach Airport was not incidental. The Long Beach area combined civil aviation, defense industry, shipyards, port facilities, and major transportation corridors. A Nike battery in this area protected the industrial geography that made Los Angeles a high-priority Cold War target.
Sources describe both LA-40 components as obliterated by later development. The IFC is associated with hotel and commercial development, while the launch area was redeveloped as part of the Kilroy Airport Center / airport business landscape.
Units and Manning
LA-40 is one of the two Los Angeles batteries, along with LA-43 at Fort MacArthur, identified in the overview as transferred in fall 1958 to the 720th AAA Missile Battalion of the California Army National Guard.Nike duty at LA-40 would have centered on readiness rather than combat action. Crews maintained radar, communications, generators, launchers, elevators, missile test equipment, fuel or missile-handling systems, security fencing, vehicles, and fire-control procedures. The site existed for an emergency that never came, but it had to be able to respond quickly if aircraft penetrated the outer air-defense screen.
Post-Closure and Current Status
The best current-status field is closed, decommissioned, and obliterated by airport-area commercial development. The site should not be treated as a visible or publicly interpretable Nike landscape.The closure of LA-40 fits the broader decline of the Nike system. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Soviet bomber threat had been overshadowed by intercontinental ballistic missiles, while the cost of maintaining large labor-intensive air-defense batteries became harder to justify. LA-94 closed in 1968, LA-29 closed in 1971, and the remaining Los Angeles Hercules sites were removed from service in 1974. Ajax-only sites such as LA-09, LA-14, LA-40, LA-57, LA-70, and LA-73 had already closed earlier.
Chronology
- Early 1950s The Army and Corps of Engineers selected permanent and alternate Nike sites around Los Angeles while gun batteries still formed part of the regional air-defense system.
- 1953 The Corps of Engineers Los Angeles District was obtaining properties for Los Angeles Nike batteries, using military property where possible and negotiating or acquiring non-DOD sites where necessary.
- 1954 to 1958 The permanent Los Angeles Nike ring came into operation, with Ajax batteries established around the basin, coast, mountains, and inland approaches.
- 1956 LA-40 entered active service.
- Late 1950s and early 1960s Selected Los Angeles batteries were converted to Nike Hercules. LA-40 should be treated according to its specific system type above.
- 1963 LA-40 was deactivated or removed from active Nike service.
- 1974 The remaining Los Angeles Nike Hercules sites were removed from service, ending the regional Nike mission.
List of all Nike Installations in California
